Decision Making Power Among Married and Unmarried Women free essay sample

The present study is undertaken to analyse the Decision-Making Power among married and unmarried women. Scale regarding ‘Decision Making Power among Women’ constructed by Jan (2004) was used on 100 women, selected through multi-stage sampling method. The paper reveals that there is no significant differences between married and unmarried women regarding their decision making power. However, highly significant differences are observed, between married and unmarried women, related to their empowerment. Women generally possess low decision making power and are mainly dependent on masculine and/or familial decision making. Women play a crucial role in the economic welfare of the family. Women perform different tasks depending on their Socio-economic structure, number of people in the family, the nature of professions they are involved in and many other factors (Reddy and Narayan 1987). Decisions made in home management ranges in importance from major once in a lifetime. For example, choice of a marriage partner is indeed an important decision and not to be taken lightly, but it is only in fairy tales that they live happily ever after (Knoll 1973). We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Power Among Married and Unmarried Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the upper income groups, the type of home and the duties of women may vary greatly in the conservative or traditional home and in the modern home (Megha 1990). The authoritarian character of the traditional joint family entails decision making powers concentrated, in the position of the eldest male members (Rao 1982). Women are traditionally less involved in decision making at all levels. Their important role is not recognised and, therefore, still not accepted in decision-making. The share of women in community decision-making structure is still very low and their participation is mostly stressed by political parties, more as elements of their own publicity and proof of democratisation, than as a real interest and need. For example, only 3 per cent women are members of political parties. They are also less active in professional associations and bodies (Slovenia 1998). Without the active participation of women and incorporation of women’s perspectives at all levels of decision making, the goals of equality development and peace cannot be achieved (Karl 1995). Review of Literature Lancuster (1965) conducted study on ten wives who had not attended college. Several women expressed or gave evidence of uncertainty in relation to their decision making. Families are more likely to report satisfactory than unsatisfactory decisions. This may be due to pride to accepting the consequences with good grace, to rationalization of the alternative chosen or to the fact that people frequently make new decisions to offset the unpleasant consequences of the unsatisfactory decision. According to Mumtaz (1982) there are various family matters on which men generally take decisions. Women are quite often not even consulted. This is because of the feeling among men that women are incapable of expressing their decisions, due to illiteracy among them. It would mean if women are educated they would acquire the capacity to participate in decision making. Singh (1992) conducted a study on modernity and decision making in upbringing of the children, and the study revealed that 69. 5 per cent of the respondents of all categories expressed that both husband and wife should take decisions on this matter. No respondent perceived that wife only should be a decision maker in giving education to the children. It 44 was found that 90. 8 per cent of the respondents were in high level of modernity, 74. 0 per cent of the respondents in the medium level of modernity and only 20. 3 per cent of the respondents were in low level of modernity considered that husband and wife both have to take decisions regarding the education of the children. Malkit (1998) conducted study on decision making power among women, related to social obligations, which include decisions regarding age at marriage, mate selection, dowry. Expenditure on marriage and education of children also showed relatively high role of women. Dowry was more or less a female domain with 78. 3 per cent, women having high role in it, followed by decisions related to age at marriage of son or daughter. Roth (2001) in his study found that wives tend to under-report their household decision-making power. In couples with both partners educated and in couples in which women work for pay, both partners were significantly more likely to report that both of them participate in the final decisions than was the case in couples without education or in which the wife did not work for pay. Decision-making power of women as measured in this study was significantly related to the household having a plan for what to do in case of a maternal emergency, but was not associated with place of childbirth or with having a postpartum checkup. Lait and Rehmat (2001) in their study examined whether men’s and women’s retirement have a differential impact on several aspects of marital life, i. e. power relations (as reflected in decision-making), spousal resources, division of household tasks, and quality of marriage. There was evidence of change in decision-making patterns about spending time and carrying out feminine and general tasks. It was also found that men’s retirement has a different impact than women’s retirement on decisions about household affairs and performance of feminine tasks. Marieke (2001) argued in his study that perception of social support were based in part in the structural conditions of individual marital arrangements, specifically household decision of labour and decision making. Objectives of the Study The study is undertaken with following objectives: -To study the decision making power among women as per their marital status. -To assess women’s control on their fertility. -To evaluate the level of decision making process among women in the maters concerning their children. -To observe women’s empowerment through their decision making power. Rationale of Study Women play a great role in over all development and progress of the nation. But their participation in different fields either directly or indirectly are still behind in many aspects. In most cases, women are considered inferior to men, and their life is restricted within the four walls of the house. For taking any decision, less power is given to women, as they have the right to take decisions regarding various items, as that of the men. So, in order to make women aware about their influence on society, nation and for attaining their respectable status within the family, the present study was undertaken. Rights should be given to women, to make decisions regarding various aspects in the family and society. Thus, the present study is under taken to highlight the areas where women lag behind in their decision making power. The study was conducted in 2007, on 100 women in Jammu and Kashmir. Among these women, 50 were married and 50 were unmarried. Among married women, 25 were illiterate and 25 women were literate. Same was the case among unmarried women. The study was based on primary data. Multistage sampling method was used for the study.

Conflict management in aviation Example For Students

Conflict management in aviation Contentss Subject DiscussedStandardsPage Number ( s ) Undertaking 03 Conflict resolutionP4-5 Conflict TransformationM6 Reasons for a conflictD7 Undertaking 04 ICAO and conventionsP8-9 Different facets of conflictsM10-11 Policy sing boisterous passengersD12-13 Mention Page14 Undertaking 03 Conflict Resolution Conflicts occur when there are dissensions between an person or groups. When an single strongly oppose each other’s ideas a struggle may get down. Conflict can get down anytime and at any topographic point between anyone. A struggle consequences in verbal statements, maltreatments and besides spoils relationships. What should be noted is no affair how good you manage your organisation struggles may originate no affair what. Conflicts are ever non bad for an organisation. If managed decently struggles can bring forth a positive result to the organisation. Different accomplishments are used by the governments to work out struggles. Discussed below are few schemes used to pull off struggles. Accommodating- this scheme basically gives the opposing side what it wants. The usage of adjustment frequently occurs when one of the parties wishes to maintain the peace or treats the issue as minor. Avoiding- The turning away scheme tries to set off struggle before it happens. By detaining or disregarding the struggle, the avoider hopes the job resolves itself without a statement. Those who actively avoid struggle often have low esteem or hold a place of low power. In some fortunes, avoiding can function as a profitable struggle direction scheme Collaborating- This works by fall ining thoughts set out by multiple people. The chief aim of this scheme is to happen a originative solution acceptable to everyone. Collaboration, though utile, takes important clip to be solved Compromising- This scheme typically calls for both sides of a struggle to give up in order to set up an acceptable solution. This scheme prevails most frequently in struggles where the parties hold about tantamount power. Competing- This scheme normally consequences in which one side wins and other loses. Highly self-asserting personalities frequently fall back on competition as a struggle direction scheme. Although this is non the best solution for a struggle it is widely used by the direction to work out struggles. On the subject of struggle direction George Kohlrieser states that, ‘Conflict direction plays a really of import function at workplaces to forestall struggles and for the employees to concentrate on their work. The squad leaders must guarantee that the functions and duties of each and every employee are clearly passed on to them.’ Pull offing struggles is really critical for the organisation because if non handled decently they can impact the productiveness of the company end product. Training the staff of such state of affairs can be advantageous to the organisation by many ways. If the necessary preparation is given to the staff the struggles can be prevented and be handled in a more professional mode. The employer would besides experience the importance of struggle direction and besides would do certain to lend to forestall it at any cost. Merit 02 Conflict Transformation One perceptual experience of a struggle is that it can be good for the organisation. If a struggle has come up it is verily due to one of the failing within the organisation. Once this failing is identified the organisation or concern is able to rectify it and run better. Conflicts are classified into two as long term and short term. Short-run struggles can be comparatively easy resolved while long-run struggles involve non-negotiable issues that tend to defy resolution.Conflict may be a load to the organisation if it goes long term. As we have discussed earlier, an unsolved struggle may impact the productiveness of the company and would ensue in the ruin of the organisation. The undermentioned texts are taken from Challenges of negociating long term concerns ( 2010 ) , ‘to protect the hereafter involvements of their organisation, negotiants sometimes must accept fewer benefits or absorb greater loads in the short tally to maximise the value to all relevant parties – including future employees and stockholders – over time.’ If the struggle is non resolved the organisation would take every possible step to work out it. Negotiators are brought in by the company if there is no short term solution for the struggle. This step is taken by the organisation to forestall the struggle to be a long term one because it would so go a more complex job. The negotiants would seek to accept the demands put up by the parties who are affected even if it’s non extremely good for the organisation. If a struggle does go a long term issue it would be a extremely complex job for the organisation to work out. Then the organisation would hold to do certain to hold changeless interaction with the parties who are involved so that the struggle can be solved without any farther due. Differentiation 02 Reasons for a struggle Reason for conflict- The subsidiary of the air hose feels ignored by the superior and complains that the company is non bothered about the physical public assistance of the person and besides feels that he is non satisfied with the return he gets on all the difficult work he puts in. Solution- The best solution the higher-ups can come up with is to foremost hold a meeting with the bomber ordinate to discourse the issue. Here they can discourse all the jobs the person is traveling through and a solution for it. Since the subsidiary feels that he’s presence is non felt by the air hose, the higher-up should acquire them involved during any determination doing procedure of the company. Airlines should besides hold meetings and dockets to discourse the jobs of the company and its employees. In this manner the concern is able to construct a resonance between the higher-ups and its bomber ordinates. This would do the employees that their thought is looked into and they feel that they excessively are of import assets of the company. Kurt Cobain (770 words) EssayIn this manner a struggle would neer be resolved. A simple struggle may unite with other struggles and turn into a really complex state of affairs where the solution can be perplexing, On the subject of struggle transmutation Johan Galtung states that, ‘a struggle may about acquire ageless life, annoying and declining, vanishing and re-emerging, the original, root, struggle recedes into the background like when cold war attending focused largely on such agencies of devastation as atomic missiles. Conflicts have both life-affirming and life-destroying facets. Once formed, conflicts undergo a assortment of transformational procedures. .Conflict transmutation is concerned with five specific types of transmutation, concentrating upon the structural, behavioural and attitudinal facets of struggle: a. Actors– modifying actors’ ends and their attack to prosecuting these ends, including by beef uping understanding as to the causes and effects of their several actions ; b. Contexts– disputing the significance and perceptual experiences of struggle itself, peculiarly the several attitudes and apprehensions of specific histrions towards one another ; c. Issues– redefining the issues that are cardinal to the prevailing struggle, and redeveloping the place of cardinal histrions on those really issues ; d. Rules– altering the norms and regulations regulating decision-making at all degrees in order to guarantee that struggles are dealt with constructively through institutional channels ; e. Structures– seting the prevailing construction of relationships, power distributions and socio-economic conditions that are embedded in and inform the struggle, thereby impacting the really cloth of interaction between antecedently incompatible histrions, issues and ends. For struggle transmutation to go on, tensenesss between parties to the struggle must be overcome by guaranting that all histrions recognize their involvements non through force. Conflict transmutation looks beyond clear issues and is characterized by originative problem-solving. Conflict transmutation involves a 3rd party, in order to assist histrions modify their emotional positions on the ‘Other’ , thereby assisting to interrupt down divisions between the two parties involved in the struggle. Differentiation 03 Policy Sing Unruly Passenger Unruly and riotous riders are common sight which occurs in airdromes and besides during flights. Passengers normally become boisterous when they are intoxicated. Flight holds and or hapless client service are few other contributory factors for riotous riders. Airlines normally try their best to avoid such state of affairss because it could impact the good will of the air hose. Therefore air hoses handle these instances with much safeguard because they are extremely sensitive. The undermentioned texts are taken from Disruptive rider behaviour, ‘The job of boisterous riders is invariably increasing within the air hose industry. Although boisterous riders represent merely a infinitesimal proportion of our riders as a whole, we must neer bury that one aggressive rider can endanger safety on board.’ Airlines try to take immediate step when managing unruly and riotous riders since they could endanger the safety of the aircraft. When it comes to managing these instances air hoses normally follow the guidelines provided by IATA sing managing boisterous and riotous riders. If the pilot in bid feels that that the rider has done or is about to make anything which may endanger the safety of the aircraft the pilot is entitled to take sensible steps To protect the safety of the aircraft. Protect individuals on board Disembark unruly or violent riders. Such step could include physically keeping the violent riders. Every sensible attempt to protect riders against any offenses by boisterous and riotous riders should be made. Passengers who are likely to be boisterous and riotous must be carefully monitored, and if necessary, refused boarding. The flight crew is besides trained to manage violent riders. Alcohol is considered to be one of the root causes for boisterous riders therefore the crew makes certain to supervise the behaviour of the riders who consume intoxicant. They besides make certain to halt functioning intoxicant to riders whom they feel will travel to a province of inebriation. Airlines make certain to manage riotous and boisterous riders in an appropriate mode so that the passenger’s feelings are non hurt because in fact the client is king when it comes to any concern. Mention Page Diaries Conflict Management ( 2005 ) by George Kohlrieserpg5 Available at: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.imd.org/research/publications/upload/PFM149_LR_Kohlrieser.pdf? MRK_ CMPG_SOURCE=webletter-july-07 gt ; Managing riotous riders ( 1998 ) by Martin Pittpg9 Available at: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ukfsc.co.uk/files/Safety % 20Briefings % 20_ % 20Presentations/Cabin % 20Safety % 20- % 20Disruptive % 20Passenger % 20Guide.pdf gt ; Conflict transmutation ( 2000 ) by Johan Galtungpg10 Available at: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.transcend.org/pctrcluj2004/TRANSCEND_manual.pdf gt ; Web sites Challenges of negociating long term concerns ( 2010 ) by Pon Staffpg 6 Available at: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pon.harvard.edu/daily/conflict-management/conflict-management-the-challenges-of-negotiating-long-term-concerns/ gt ; Disruptive rider behaviour ( 1998 ) by Tim Chealpg 12 Available at: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ad-aero.com/airrage_causes.php gt ; Distruptive rider behaviour Pg 12 Available at: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hemmingfire.com/m/fullstory.php/aid/1702/Fight_or_flight.html gt ; 1

AP Biology Essay Questions - How to Ace It

AP Biology Essay Questions - How to Ace ItIf you are looking for an AP Biology essay questions, then you will want to read this article. This article will tell you the secrets to making sure that you get the right answer to the question. You will also learn how to tailor your essay to a specific question.There are many different kind of Biology tests out there. The things that you need to do in order to get the best result from them is to figure out which questions you will be asked and then formulate a response. Remember, these are not just biology tests but also practice tests. So, it is important that you know how to construct your own responses to the practice tests.The first thing that you need to do is to pick a sample or source material that you can use to structure your response. You should write down the name of the source material and then use the form of the question as a guideline. You will have the free information on the website of the biology test. All you need to do i s to find the questions that you like and the subject that you are studying. After that, you can put your answer in the form of a question.It is best if you can find a good example of a problem. However, if you cannot find an example of a problem then you can try to look for the most common problems and write them down. But be sure that your answer fits the information that you have in your hand. Also, you have to make sure that the information that you have in your hand is correct.One of the questions that you can be asked on the Bio Lab test is the one that asks you to find the median. This is a bit tricky because the first two answers are wrong. This is why you need to follow up your answers with a question that has different answers. If you area student who wants to write a good answer then you need to consider how you will be able to use a median as an answer. And remember, it is better to go with the one that seems to be the most correct.Once you have decided on what you will write, you will have to know about the specific way to solve this problem. In this question, you need to find the difference between two numbers and then calculate the difference in the formula. Just make sure that you understand the formulas that are used in this problem. This is the only problem that you will face on the Bio Lab. This is a very hard problem and most of the students who take this test will not be able to solve it. Even so, your score can only increase if you are able to understand the formula used in this problem.So, if you want to take the Biology test, then you should know how to ace it. Also, you should know how to write a good essay that includes the topics you have studied. These are important because they will make you a good writer. Also, they will make you a good student.

Losing The War On Drugs Essays - Drug Control Law, War On Drugs

Losing The War On Drugs Losing the War on Drugs America is spending millions of dollars to run ad campaigns with teenage waifs smashing up the kitchen with frying pans, brain fried egg commercials, and other inaccurate and misleading ads put fear into our nations youth and adults alike. One such ad showed a flat line brain scan purportedly hooked up to a drug user. It was later proven that it was hooked up to nothing and most of our nations kids now know it. Seeing the Land of the Free turn into a nation that imprisons more of its citizens than any other industrialized nation on earth is neither effective or a good message to send our children. We are building 9 new prisons for every one new university( ). Which do you want built for your children? In this country, we are locked in war we simply cannot win. We strive to protect over 10,000 miles of border, against enemies who are driven by the lure of an obscene really resulted from this war is the overcrowding of prisons, the expansion of law and distrust. If its not obvious already, I am referring to the war on drugs. As time goes on, it becomes more and more evident that the war on drugs is as useless as officials, who use the war as a reelection tool. To study this problem, I visited government web pages for statistics and facts dealing with the war, and was surprised what I found. To most people the fiscal reasons for ending the war are the most convincing. For example, it costs over $30,000 per year to house a prisoner - this does not include processing and legal fees, only the actual prison costs - food, water, electricity and guards ( ). There are over 1.5 million non-violent drug law offenders in prison right now, and this number is increasing daily( ). That means we are spending a minimum of $45 billion per year keeping former tax-paying citizens, most of whom had jobs and were contributing to the economy in some way, locked up with murderers and rapists. When these people get out of jail, they will have criminal records, which will make it nearly impossible to get a decent job, and a grudge against the government and society in general. In addition, we spend $37 billion per year funding the police efforts and interdiction, and recent evidence suggests the CIA has been involved in drug-trafficking to fund its own private wars ().Currently there is over $150 billion worth of drug traffic that remains untaxed ( ).If you figure a tax rate of 15%, that is a total of $22.5 billion of taxes that America doesn't see. The bottom line? The US Treasury estimates America wastes a minimum of $104.5 billion per year fighting a war that can not be won ( ), while crime rates continue to rise (because of the huge profits made possible by the risks involved in the drug trade as drugs remain illegal), and the quality of education, medical care and environmental protection falls due to lack of money in the budget. There are also moral dilemmas in declaring war on drugs and their users. Firstly, drug use or abuse is a medical and social problem not a criminal problem, yet we think we're solving the problem by throwing people in jail. The logic seems to be, maybe if we just take their life away, confiscate all of their personal property, ruin their reputation and self-respect, put them in jail with the worst elements of society - murderers, thieves and rapists, where they will most likely be beaten and/or raped repeatedly they will see the error of their ways. Not a very enlightened sentiment. Also bear in mind, nicotine, caffeine and alcohol are all drugs. Nicotine is one of the most addictive drugs known to man, behind substances like heroin. Cigarettes kill over 300,000 people every year. Alcohol kills over 120,000 people every year ( ).Alcohol has been linked to men beating their wives and children. In contrast, marijuana has a recorded history that dates back over 4000 years, and has never killed anyone in the direct way alcohol does ( ). The DEA's own Administrative Law Judge, after reviewing the evidence, called marijuana ...one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man... ( ). It's been said that the first casualty in any war is truth. That sentiment is seen nowhere as clearly as in the

Vanity Press How to Dodge Scams Self-Publishing Companies to Avoid

Vanity Press How to Dodge Scams Self-Publishing Companies to Avoid Vanity Press Scams and Self Publishing Companies to Avoid The awful news for authors out there today is that there are plenty vanity press scams and self-publishing companies to avoidunless you want your money stolen, that isIf you are a self-published author, publishing your book today has never been easier. With a quick Google search, you’ll come across dozens of self-publishing companies offering publishing services for authors.But, how do you know if the company isn’t just another vanity press scam?Before making any decisions, you want to check out all your options carefully. If not, you could find yourself the victim of a self-publishing scam, forking thousands of bucks over to a shady publishing company with nothing to show for it.In this post, you’ll learn how to recognize the self-publishing scams when they cold call youand the companies you can really trust to get your book published!Here’s what we’ll cover in this post on self-publishing scams:Why authors fall for vanity press scamsEarly warning signs of self-publishing scamsYour self-publishing optionsTaking down the scammersRed flag list: Self-publishing companies to avoidWriters beware and watchdog groupsEducate yourself in self-publishingAre you ready to self-publish your book?NOTE: If youre ready for a system and method to actually succeed in the self-publishing industry (not to mention keep ALL the money you earn), check out our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereAs with any lucrative industry, there are a wide range of self-publishing scams in business for one reason: To take your money.A Vanity press publisher charges sky-high prices for author services that includes editing, formatting, cover design, and marketing.But, all of this is outsourced to the lowest bidder and in the end, the author is left with a poor quality book and no way to market it.â€Å"You get what you pay for† doesn’t equate when it comes to vanity press and the publishing scams they represent. You do pay top dolla r, often tens of thousands, and what you get back for your investment lacks anything of value.So, how can you avoid these self-publishing scams?Let’s take a look.Why Authors Fall for Vanity Press ScamsThere could be many reasons why someone would sign up with a scammy publishing company that wants you to pay big money up front.There is no shortage of scams out there when it comes to self-publishing. The biggest reason authors fall into these scams is becausewell, they dont know what they should know to avoid being scammed in the first place.The fact that you have to pay a publisher to get your book published is warning sign enough: The lies are on the wall. Most authors who fall into this trap are not published authors yet.You are either thinking of writing a book, youve started writing it, or you’re done and can’t wait to get it out there.So, when a publisher comes along offering to get their â€Å"just finished† manuscript into the hands of thousands of readers and sell millions of books worldwide, I would grab at it, too. Who wouldn’t want that?As a first time author, you are most likely not going to write a book that sells thousands of copies. And if you do, it will not be through a company that you just paid $5,000-$10 to for this to happen.Most soon-to-be-published self-publishers fall into the lap of predatory publishers because they need help.For someone who wants to become a successful author, your passion to publish is so strong that it overrides the sudden impulse to take the first offer on the table.Here are several reasons why you might fall for the vanity press trap:You are desperate for the know-how of book publishing.The publishing process is too complex.You are scared of â€Å"not publishing† and want it done right now.You are not tech-savvy and would rather pay someone to overcome the hurdles.Your friends keep asking you â€Å"When is your book coming out?†You know nothing about book marketing and need to hire the experts. Guess what: Vanity publishers don’t know much about it either and youll have to market no matter the avenue of publishing you choose.You watched a video of a self-published author who just signed a 6-figure deal with a large publisherand you think that is what usually happens.Before you make any hasty decisions, stop and breathe. If you need help with publishing your book [and everyone does] there is a right way and†¦The other way that steals all your hard-earned dollars.My hope is that you read this post before signing anything. If you can know the danger signs to watch for, you’ll pull yourself back from making a decision that costs you thousands of dollars, not to mention the heavy burden of regret later.Early Warning Signs: The Lies of Vanity PressVanity presses are generally a bad idea all around, but well cover some specific ways they can scam you and why theyre often on the list of self-publishing companies to avoid.How Vanity Press Publishers Scam YouIt is actually easy to spot a predatory publisher. I only hope you get to this post before they get to you. Here are the 5 big signs you are at risk of being scammed.#1 - The company asks for publishing fees. This should be enough right here. Although Hybrid Publishers require authors to pay for all the publishing services upfront, they usually split the fees later.A vanity press publisher will charge thousands for a publishing package. You are told that the book sales will be recouped later through book saleswhich almost never happen. Don’t listen to the so-called â€Å"reviews and testimonials† on the websites. These are rigged, of course.#2 - â€Å"We will publish your book for you on Amazon.† Let me be clear about this: Publishing on Amazon is super easy, even if you have limited tech skills. Not to mention Amazon has an excellent support system in place. The response time to inquiries is less than 24 hours and they are very detail ed when it comes to responses.A vanity publisher will make this sound more complicated than it really is. They will â€Å"take care of everything† and upload the book for you. What this also means is you lose control over making any future changes to the book. The only person that should be uploading the book to Amazon is YOU under your own account.#3 - Charges for A Reading Fee. Never. This just isn’t done. A traditional publishing house never asks for this. If you are told by the sales rep they will read your book for a certain fee, red flag this. The â€Å"reading fee† scam is less common today, but just in case you do run up against a company that tries this old scam.With a real publisher, nobody makes money until the book is selling. Actually, this practice has fallen the wayside these days and it would be rare to come across. But there is always someone willing to try†¦#4 - The publisher will buy you an ISBN [because they are so hard to get]. You ca n buy an ISBN through Bowker.com if you reside within the USA. The cost is $125.00. In the U.K. you go through Nielson. In Canada ISBNs are free through ISBN Canada. If you buy this through IngramSpark they offer a slight discount. Again, this is just another ploy to make you think it is a difficult process that is better off left to the â€Å"professionals.†#5 - â€Å"We will take care of all the marketing, because we know how difficult it is.† Yes, marketing is difficult, especially for authors. But a vanity press company won’t market the book to sell, they will do the bare minimum required so it appears as if the book is being placed in the proper channels.My advice: Grab a book on marketing for authors or enroll in a course. Learn it. You can even outsource it out so that you do Sell More Books. But in the end nobody is better at marketing their own book than the author.#6 - Excessive use of flattery. The first time I spoke to a vanity press sales rep I re member the praise she gave me for my book. I felt as if I had written a book that was going to sell thousands of copies in the first week.The rep was quoting passages from the book and referencing everything from the first page. Mind you, I later realized, everything she was quoting was from the first few pages. So did she read it? Of course not.#7- A sales rep calls you several hours after you sign up to their newsletter with a sales pitch. I tested one of these sites by enquiring about their services, and I downloaded a freebie. The next day I received a call from my â€Å"Publishing consultant† ready to help me fulfill my dreams as an author. Wow. The sales pitch was impressive, but if you already knew the situation, it was a total scam. You can smell it.But, for a new author excited to be part of the publishing journey, listening to someone else tell you how excited they are to publish your boom is a very tempting catch. In the end, they don’t care about your book or you. Whether it is Author Solutions or another of the dozens of publishing scammers out there, they get your money and keep milking it with constant upsells.#8 - Make â€Å"over the mountain promises† to get you endorsed by Hollywood. It is not unusual for these companies to tell you that your book has a shot of being featured in Oprah’s book club, or that they will send your manuscript to one of their agents in Hollywood for review.I can promise you one thing- Your book will never see the inside of a movie studio. Not unless you are a well-established author who has already proven themselves, and even then, it will not be through a vanity press company that you get there.#9 - Promises to get your book into barnes and noble and other bookstores. In this case what happens is, they put your book into a large catalogue where bookstores and libraries can order it. But realistically, you’ll be hard pressed to sell a single book in any bookstore if you publish t hrough a vanity press company. Libraries and bookstores won’t even consider it in most cases.#10 - Insists you sign a contract handing over exclusivity. If this final dose doesn’t make you run the other way, I don’t know what will. By any and all means, as a self-published author, you do not sign over your material rights to anyone. This gives the vanity publisher the right to further exploit your work and profit from all sales. The author, in this case, gets a lower end percentage.Now that you’ve seen the red flags, you are well-informed to make a decision if you come across what appears to be a shady publisher. You don’t need to sign anything or pay huge amounts of money for the publisher to â€Å"publish you to Amazon† or set you up with a movie deal.Now, let’s take a look atYour Self-Publishing OptionsWe are not living in the 1990s anymore. Back then, choices to self-publish were limited. You either paid a company- like a vanity press- a lot of money. Or, you went on your own and hired a printing company to run off tons of copies that were not cheap.Today, you will see that you have many good choices these days that make it easier for you to get your book published.#1 - Self-Publishing CoursesThere are quite a few reputable self-publishing courses out there. You buy the course, and work through the modules to write and ultimately publish your own book.There are costs to publish your book, including creating it, cover design, editing, and launching your book. You still have to pay for these services, but at least you get to choose who is working on your book.It is up to each individual author to outsource his or her own book. Publishing courses provide the content you need to get it all done, but you do all the work and take on additional costs outside the cost of the course.You have to pay for the basics that any author pays for: A good cover design, hiring an editor and formatting, and maybe a budget for marketing services such as book promo sites or a media package.But many new authors are weary about self-publishing and think uploading to Amazon- or other publishing companies- is a complex ordeal. It isn’t. I have been coaching authors for years and, nowadays, the system is built in that all you have to do is plug your book info into the Kindle Direct Publishing Bookshelf and away you go. The cost for actually self-publishing your book is O.The production cost for the average book is about $1500. If you pay $1000-3000 for a course + $1500 for the book production, you are still under $5,000. If you continue to write more books, you’ve already paid for the course that usually gives you access for a lifetime.Taking a self-publishing course is the best option we think. You learn how to do so much of the process yourself, and can rinse and repeat for future books. You still pay for everything but, who you decide to hire is up to you and the creative decisions are all you rs.#2 - KDP [Kindle Direct Publishing]The KDP platform is Amazons book publishing platform. Publishing a book is so much easier now than it ever used to be, especially with Amazon self-publishing.You no longer need to go through painstaking efforts to land a book deal which locks you into unrealistic deadlines and cuts you out of most of the earnings. You don’T have to sign up and fork over thousands to a vanity press company.You can now have complete control of your book – and its revenues – by publishing directly through Amazon self-publishing.Setting up your KDP account is easy, and should be the first step you complete.Here’s how to set up your Kindle Direct Publishing account:Go to https://kdp.amazon.com and register with either your Amazon account or with your email address.Next, click â€Å"Update† in your account information and fill in your tax information. It’s important to note that you need to complete your tax information BEFOR E you can publish your first book. So don’t skip this step!Once your tax information is complete, click â€Å"Finished† and return to the main page.Your profile is complete!#3 - Print On DemandIf you are a new author reading this, with the print on demand services offered by Kindle Direct Publishing and Ingramspark, you can order your own author copies and pay print costs plus shipping to your location. Buy your own ISBN, copyright your book, and own what you create.To start printing your own books with IngramSpark, visit their website and set up an account. Do the same with Amazons’ Kindle Direct Publishing platform. Do it yourself. It’s not the difficult process many would have you believe, and there is lots of support on these sites ready to help you right away.How much is the cost to print a book?It depends on the book size but, for a book that is 30k in length with little to no photos or graphs and text only, expect to pay less than $4 per copy. The average scammy publisher will charge new authors $15-20 dollars per copy.But for them, they print the books at the same cost as an author who sets this up through KDP or IngramSpark.In fact, many vanity press publishers use IngramSpark for the print-on-demand service only just to sell the books back to the author at 5x the print cost.#4 - Vanity Press PublisherVanity press publishing, also called subsidy publishing, differs from selfpublishing in that the author assumes all the risk and pays the publisher for everything.The editing, formatting, cover design, and even marketing the book are paid for by the author through the various packages offered when an author signs up.But, there is a trap here: The costs are more than you initially pay for, and they don’t tell you this until later when you’re mired deeper into the project. Once invested, most authors are compelled to publish the book no matter the costs.The emotional investment is what these companies prey on. Kn owing how you feel about your book, they are ready to help you do anything to get it to marketand that means offering more expensive services.By the time you are done and the book is published, potentially you have just spent $10k. With close to 0 book sales.Vanity publishers make money, not from selling books for you, but from the author buying their own books back from the publisher. It is a scam where the author always loses.#5 - Traditional PublishersThis is not a self-publishing route but, if you want to take the traditional path, you can begin by querying your manuscript with agents. Keep in mind, you may not see your book in print for a couple of year due to the lengthy process of first finding an agent, and then having them submit it to publishers to buy.What is a traditional publisher?â€Å"A traditional book publishing company buys the rights to an authors manuscript. Buying rights from the author is how book publishers have traditionally acquired books. The advance is d educted by the book publisher from any royalties the author receives from the sale of the book.†That’s right, they pay you an advance for the book. You don’t pay them anything. It depends on the publisher’s contract but they will pay for [some] marketing.The editing, cover design and formatting is taken care of by the publisher [in most cases].There are a lot of nightmare stories of authors signing on with traditional publishers, but that usually equates to the publisher not trying hard enough to sell any books. In this case the author may end the contract and, after that, many authors take up with self-publishing and find better success. After all, why not be in charge of building your own book business?#6 - Hybrid PublishersA hybrid publisher is what you will find between a traditional publisher [pay nothing upfront but get paid an advance] or a vanity press publisher [pay for everything upfront and keep all royalties.The hybrid publishers model is simp le: An author pays for everything upfront but gets a bigger cut of the royalties after book sales, upwards of 50%. The initial cost means that the author assumes all the financial risk in order to get the book to market.One other difference between traditional and hybrid publishing is, the hybrid has to pay the author a higher percentage of royalties than a traditional publishing house.In order for a company to be called a hybrid publisher, there are 9 criteria set out by the IBPA (Independent Book Publishers Association) that must be adhered to:In order to not be classified as a vanity press, ALL book submissions must be reviewed. This means if your book does not meet the criteria, it should be rejected. A vanity press doesn’t care. Anything and anybody will do.Hybrid publishers must clearly define a vision to follow for their company.Must report reputable sales on all titles they publish.Authors who sign with hybrid publishers must be paid a higher royalty than that of stan dard traditional publisher rates.The quality of the production- cover design, editing and formatting- must meet industry standards.The publisher must publish as its own defined imprint and request its own ISBNs.Manage all distribution services for the works.Hybrid publisher must manage the rights of the works they publish as well as any subsequent rights acquired.Hybrid publishers must meet the standards and best practices set out by the publishing industry.Butthe vanity press publishers are bad seeds. Lately they are disguising their services as â€Å"hybrid publishers† but still operate with the same scammy tactics.Take caution here that, while a hybrid publisher might look legit on the surface, there is a possibility you could get ripped off if you are not 100% sure.Taking Down the ScammersAs a coach and self-publishing authority, I have worked with at least a dozen authors who’ve come away from a vanity press publisher broke, not just financially, but emotionally a s well.Like most authors, they just wanted to fulfill a dream and publish a book. But as soon as you sign up with a self-publishing scam company, your dreams are ripped apart and so is your bank account. By the time the not-yet-published author realizes it, they are invested by thousands of dollars and bound by a contract.Over the years several class-action suits have been launched against scammy publishers for bad business practice. The worst of these publishers is Author Solutions, a company with a bad rap and a long history of complaints targeted against it by authors who have been exploited.This company boasts on its website â€Å"300,000 authors published.† I would be hard-pressed to believe this and to go a step further, the percentage of those authors who would use Author Solution service again?Chances are if you have been down this road, you realized before you were half way there that you’d taken a bad path.Author Solutions is at the top of the chain of seedy publishing houses promising to get your book to market because the world needs to hear your story. And for a publishing package upwards of $5999 it could all be done for you. Well, initially you are led to believe.Author Solutions is the parent company of several subsidiaries that operate, not only in the US but now have an International reach as they have set up in countries worldwide.How do they make their money?It isn’t from helping authors to sell books.The authors usually end up selling nothing. Instead, they are made to buy the books they want from the publishers at a high cost just so they can have their own copies to sell or giveaway.Recently, several companies have been shut down in class action lawsuits, and this is still continuing today, with authors taking a stand and fighting back against the book publishing thieves.Fortunately, authors are better educated these days on the publishing options available. Vanity publishers are disappearing. But do return â€Å"we aring different clothing†, disguised as the next best company to get you that bestselling book.Red Flag List: Self-Publishing Companies to AvoidI have compiled a list of publishing companies you should avoid at all costs. This is not a complete list but includes names of the major companies flagged by Writer Beware and Alliance of Independent Authors.For a very thorough listing, I would recommend you check with the Alliance of Independent Authors. ALLi stays up-to-date on the scammy reports, warnings and lawsuits taken against bad publishers.Here are some self-publishing companies that have made the list of those to watch out for:Author SolutionsAuthorHouse UKArchway Publishing [Simon and Schuster]LifeRich Publishing [Reader’s Digest]iUniversePalibrio [for the Spanish-speaking community]Dorrance publishingChristian faith publishingWestbow pressBalboa press [a Division of Hay House]Newman Springs PublishingPartridge PublishingTate PublishingTrafford PublishingXlibris [UK , AU, and NZ]Outskirts PressDog ear publishingWriters Beware and Watchdog GroupsRemember: Always do your homework. To make sure if you are buying into a legit business you should check in with these sites listed below.Writer Bewareâ€Å"Shining a bright light into the dark corners of the shadow-world of literary scams, schemes, and pitfalls. Also providing advice for writers, industry news, and commentary. Writer Beware is sponsored by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, Inc.†Preditors and EditorsProviding up-to-date action against possible publishing scammers.ALLi [Alliance of Independent Authors] / Watchdog Postsâ€Å"Each month on the ALLi blog, the excellent Watchdog John Doppler explores key issues regarding the provision of self-publishing services around the world.†The Independent Publishing Magazine / Publishing Service IndexA detailed breakdown of self-publishing companies and their ranking based on service and reliability.Educate Yourself in S elf-PublishingPublishing scams will always be around as long as authors are paying for their services.How do you, as an author, avoid falling into this trap?The self-publishing arena is like a vast oasis of information and a never-ending learning process. Vanity press publishers are banking on you having no idea what to do, which is why you might consider turning to a publishing company in the first place.Our advice at Self Publishing School is this: Educate yourself on how to publish a book. You’d be surprised the things you actually don’t have to pay for.Take control of your self-publishing career today.Are you ready to self-publish your book?Enroll in an online self-publishing courseYou can check out this list of best self-publishing courses. I highly recommend joining an online self-publishing course for achieving all your publishing goals.You will learn how to write and market your book your way and all of it within your control. You won’t have to give up a nything or sign your book rights over to a publisher that will exploit your creativity.

Female Leaders in History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Female Leaders in History - Research Paper Example She was very tough and uncompromising in her leadership and her being intelligent is what can be considered as driving her into politics. From Margaret Thatcher I learn that she was a brave lady who never feared opposition leaders and also other people as she always stood for what she thought was right. We also learn that being tough is a virtue which is needed in order to succeed. This is because by being such one will not be ridiculed but taken seriously (DeRue & Ashford, 2010). This can also be seen in her intelligence which one needs, as the decisions made should be productive and to the benefit of everyone. Though, at times, intelligence may lead to someone making poor decisions such as believing in oneself, she can be seen as an icon in the women leadership. A good leader is one who has to listen to other people’s opinions and views regardless of them being positive or negative (Stewart, Courtright, & Manz, 2010). Margaret Thatcher only believed in her innate rightness. She was not considerate of other people’s views, which led to her not having votes of more than forty-three percent. This is what also led to her being left with a cabinet that was not able to challenge her, which resulted in her failure such as the poll tax which she wanted to

Relationship between Venezuela and USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Relationship between Venezuela and USA - Essay Example Latin America exerted new efforts toward integration. Moreover, the U.S. started to visualize a hemispheric alliance that would revolutionize the North-South structure of the American continent (Weeks 10). In Venezuela, the presidency of Hugo Chavez seemed to define a decisive moment, even a snapping point, whose importance should be explored within the perspective of the long-standing history of the relationship between Venezuela and the United States. This essay discusses the relationship between the U.S. and Venezuela. It focuses on Venezuela’s resistance to the domination strategy of the United States. The Interest of the United States in Latin America and Venezuela The key aspect of the relationship of U.S. with Latin American countries since the postwar period has been how these North and South regions of the Western hemisphere became profoundly engaged in the existence of each other in all possible ways—culturally, militarily, politically, and economically. Inter dependence became more evident during the post-Cold War years (De Escobar & Romero 39). However, the culmination of the Cold War did not produce interdependence, instead it exposed it. Latin American countries had been dependent on the U.S. for so long for popular culture, products and/or services, employment, security, technology, and investment capital. The people of the United States, in the meantime, had long desired the productive lands of Latin America, as well as its cheap labor and raw materials. However, the United States has sustained interest in Latin America for a much more important motive (De Escobar & Romero 39-42). Latin America and the U.S. had approximately the same population in 1945. However, by 2005 Latin America already surpassed the U.S. population. As the Latin American population continued growing, the region occupied an even bigger space in the imperialistic goals of the United States. Hence, in a period defined by issues of unilateral militarism, anti-Amer icanism, and globalization, the fusion of Latin America and the U.S. becomes more important than ever (Brewer 50). Venezuela’s democratic aspirations and its oil industry built special relations with the United States that eventually led to other developments: Venezuela’s aspiration to attain stronger independence, and bigger episodes that lessened the sense of Venezuela’s special status. Venezuela somewhat undervalued its relationship with the U.S. Similarly, the U.S. tended to disregard the fact that Venezuelan democracy would be successful (Brewer 81). In fact, forces undermining Venezuela’s national political system escalated gradually. By the 1990s, chaotic episodes in Venezuela would overturn several of these developments and pave the way for major reforms. If not for the uncovering of oil in Venezuela, maybe the United States and Venezuela would not have built the special relationship they have had from then on. The exceptional relationship built b y the extraordinary interest of the U.S. in securing stable oil supplies has been both the strength and weakness of their relations all over the 20th century (De Escobar & Romero 72). Venezuela has always expected that the U.S. would acknowledge their special position as trustworthy friends and have at times felt distressed and ignored that, sometimes, the U.S. has taken them for granted. This may not have been the situation during large-scale conflicts in Europe or other parts of the world, when the oil advantage of Venezuela became more valuable, but in ordinary times, and particularly since the expansion of energy sources that arose after the oil problem in the 1970s, Venezuela has at times fell into the bottom of U.S. priorities (De Escobar &